Cheat Sheet v0.4

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Basic Data Types

str   int   float   bool   None
Type Examples Full Name
str "z", "foo", "Hello!", "3.0", "int" string
int -11, -2, 0, 3, 101 integer
float -96.4, -2.0, 0.0, 0.8, 3.0, 101.1 floating-point
bool True, False boolean
NoneType None none type

Arithmetic Operators

+   -   *   /   **   //   %
Operator Name Unary Binary Example
+ addition x x
 1 + 2 # evaluates to 3
- subtraction x x
 2 - 1 # evaluates to 1
* multiplication x
 2 * 3 # evaluates to 6
/ division x
 4 / 2 # evaluates to 2
** exponentiation x
3 ** 2 # evaluates to 9
// floor division x
5 // 2 # evaluates to 2
% modulo x
 4 % 2 # evaluates to 0

Comparison Operators

==   !=   >   <   >=   <=
Operator Operation Example Usage
== is equal to
(value equality)
  1 == 1  # evaluates to True
  1 == 2  # evaluates to False
!= is not equal to
(value inequality)
  1 != 2  # evaluates to True
  1 != 1  # evaluates to False
> greater than   2 > 1   # evaluates to True
  2 > 2   # evaluates to False
  1 > 2   # evaluates to False
< less than   1 < 2   # evaluates to True
  2 < 2   # evaluates to False
  2 < 1   # evaluates to False
>= greater than
or equal
  2 >= 1  # evaluates to True
  1 >= 1  # evaluates to True
  0 >= 1  # evaluates to False
<= less than
or equal
  0 <= 1  # evaluates to True
  1 <= 1  # evaluates to True
  2 <= 1  # evaluates to False

Logical Operators

and   or   not
Operator Operation
Description
Example Usage
and both are True
True  and True
True  and False
False and True
False and False
   # evaluates to True
# evaluates to False
# evaluates to False
# evaluates to False
or at least one
is True
True  or True
True  or False
False or True
False or False
    # evaluates to True
# evaluates to True
# evaluates to True
# evaluates to False
not inverse
(opposite)
not True
not False
         # evaluates to False
# evaluates to True

Assignment Operators

=   +=   -=   *=   /=   **=   %=

Assignment:

variable_name <assignment operator> object_being_assigned

Assignment examples:
x = 3
y = .01
z = 'abc'
my_variable_name = 101
cat_lives = 9.0
city_name = "Austin"
chocolate = True
abc = 123

Augmented Assignment:

variable_name <augment><assignment operator> object_being_assigned

variable = variable + 1
is equivalent to
variable += 1


Operator Example Explanation
= variable = object binds object to variable
+= variable += <number>
variable += "string"
increases variable by <number>
concatenates "string"
-= variable -= <number> decreases variable by <number>
*= variable *= <number>
string *= <number>
multiplies variable by <number>
replicates string <number> times
/= variable /= <number> divides variable by <number>
**= variable **= <number> raises variable to the <number>th power
%= variable %= <number> evaluates to variable modulo <number>

Special Operators

is   in
Operator Name Operation
Description
Example Usage
is identity
operator
checks for
reference
equality
# evaluates to True:
x = None
x is None

warning: avoid numbers
in membership
operator
checks for
membership
# evaluates to True:
1 in ["dog", 1, 2.3]
"a" in [False, "a"]
-1.0 in [-1, 0, 2]

# evaluates to False:
1.9 in [-1, 0, 2]

Bitwise Operators

&   |   ^   ~  
Operator Name Operation
Description
Example Usage
& bitwise and both are True
(logical and)
1 & 1 # eval. to 1
| bitwise
(inclusive) or
at least one
is True
(logical or)
1 | 0 # eavl. to 1
^ bitwise xor
(exclusive or)
one is True
but not both
1 ^ 1 # eval. to 0
~ bitwise inversion
(bitwise NOT)
inverts value
(logical negation)
~0 # eval. to 1
<< bitwise shift
left
bitshift first
argument left by
second argument
1 << 2 # eval. to 100
>> bitwise shift
right
bitshift first
argument right by
second argument
10 >> 1 # eval. to 1