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str int float bool None
Type | Examples | Full Name |
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str | "z", "foo", "Hello!", "3.0", "int" | string |
int | -11, -2, 0, 3, 101 | integer |
float | -96.4, -2.0, 0.0, 0.8, 3.0, 101.1 | floating-point |
bool | True, False | boolean |
NoneType | None | none type |
+ - * / ** // %
Operator | Name | Unary | Binary | Example | |||
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+ | addition | x | x |
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- | subtraction | x | x |
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* | multiplication | x |
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/ | division | x |
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** | exponentiation | x |
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// | floor division | x |
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% | modulo | x |
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== != > < >= <=
Operator | Operation | Example Usage |
---|---|---|
== | is equal to (value equality) |
1 == 1 # evaluates to True 1 == 2 # evaluates to False |
!= | is not equal to (value inequality) |
1 != 2 # evaluates to True 1 != 1 # evaluates to False |
> | greater than | 2 > 1 # evaluates to True 2 > 2 # evaluates to False 1 > 2 # evaluates to False |
< | less than | 1 < 2 # evaluates to True 2 < 2 # evaluates to False 2 < 1 # evaluates to False |
>= | greater than or equal |
2 >= 1 # evaluates to True 1 >= 1 # evaluates to True 0 >= 1 # evaluates to False |
<= | less than or equal |
0 <= 1 # evaluates to True 1 <= 1 # evaluates to True 2 <= 1 # evaluates to False |
and or not
Operator | Operation Description |
Example Usage | |||
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and | both are True |
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or | at least one is True |
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not | inverse (opposite) |
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= += -= *= /= **= %=
variable_name
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<assignment operator>
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object_being_assigned
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x = 3
y = .01
z = 'abc'
my_variable_name = 101
cat_lives = 9.0
city_name = "Austin"
chocolate = True
abc = 123
variable_name
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<augment><assignment operator>
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object_being_assigned
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variable = variable + 1
is equivalent to
variable += 1
Operator | Example | Explanation |
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= | variable = object |
binds object to variable |
+= | variable += <number> variable += "string" |
increases variable by <number> concatenates "string" |
-= | variable -= <number> |
decreases variable by <number> |
*= | variable *= <number> string *= <number> |
multiplies variable by <number> replicates string <number> times |
/= | variable /= <number> |
divides variable by <number> |
**= | variable **= <number> |
raises variable to the <number>th power |
%= | variable %= <number> |
evaluates to variable modulo <number> |
is in
Operator | Name | Operation Description |
Example Usage |
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is | identity operator |
checks for reference equality |
# evaluates to True: x = None x is None warning: avoid numbers |
in | membership operator |
checks for membership |
# evaluates to True: 1 in ["dog", 1, 2.3] "a" in [False, "a"] -1.0 in [-1, 0, 2] # evaluates to False: 1.9 in [-1, 0, 2] |
& | ^ ~
Operator | Name | Operation Description |
Example Usage | |||
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& | bitwise and | both are True (logical and) |
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| | bitwise (inclusive) or |
at least one is True (logical or) |
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^ | bitwise xor (exclusive or) |
one is True but not both |
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~ | bitwise inversion (bitwise NOT) |
inverts value (logical negation) |
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<< | bitwise shift left |
bitshift first argument left by second argument |
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>> | bitwise shift right |
bitshift first argument right by second argument |
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